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Learning Disorder/Disability

In the U.S., a learning disability (LD) refers to a broad group of disorders that affect a person's ability to speak, listen, read, write, spell, reason and organize information. A learning disorder is part of an individual's make-up and presumed to be due to Central Nervous System Dysfunction. Causes include a deficit in the brain that affects the processing of information. A learning disability does not suggest low intelligence. Research has shown us that some people with learning disabilities may have average or above-average intelligence.

Typically, learning disabilities are recognized by school psychologists, clinical psychologists, and neuropsychologists through a combination of intelligence testing, academic achievement testing, classroom performance, and social interaction and aptitude. Other areas of assessment may include perception, cognition, memory, attention, and language abilities.

The information gathered from these tests is used to determine whether a child's academic performance matches their cognitive ability. If a child's cognitive ability is much higher than their academic performance, the student is often diagnosed with a learning disability. The DSM-IV and many school systems and government programs diagnose learning disabilities in this way.

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